Humanitarian Reason by Didier Fassin essays

Humanitarian Reason by Didier Fassin essays Humanism is a concept that is centered in human needs, interests, and the welfare of humans. In other words; humanism is an action verb that is based solely in the assistance of humans by other humans. The concept of humanism has many definitions and variations. However, this concept that I mentioned above is solely in accordance with the topic of this book. I mentioned humanism because the book that I am reviewing is called Humanitarian Reason: A Moral History of the Present by Didier Fassin University of California Press 2011. In this book, Fassin attempts to dissect human behavior and its effect on other humans. He also sought to show that humanitarianism affects both the receiver and the giver(Fassin p.3). The giver often has a psychological need that drives his or her spirit of giving; often this is linked to ones spirituality. In this case your inner sense of being. The humanitarian reason or humanism is the whole reasons dre of our existence. Humanism shows a lack of selfishness; it demonstrates how we care as human beings for other living organisms. Humanitarianism therefore, helps human beings to maintain themselves as having feelings, and emotions that are not instinctual as other organisms. Humanitarianism is not ritualistic and everyone have the opportunity to show that they care in various ways. However, does this mean that humanitarianism should be exercised only in special circumstances such as in disastrous situations as was the case during the recent super storm Sandy in the New York area? Fassin emphasizes the fact that humanitarianism has many facets and it can be approached in many ways. It can simply mean aid as it suites the giver providing the means through which the receiver can experience spiritual, physical and emotional satisfaction such as; the giving of clothes and the restoration of essential necessities in times of needs. This will demonstrate to the receiver that...

How Dogs are Helping Cheetahs

How Dogs are Helping Cheetahs Dogs have long been considered mans best friend, but their characteristics of loyalty and protectiveness have also earned them the lesser known title of cheetahs best friend. Thats right; dogs are being used more and more frequently to assist in conservation efforts to preserve the endangered cheetah both in captivity and in the wild. Dogs at the Zoo Since the 1980s, the San Diego Zoo Safari Park has assigned companion dogs to cheetahs that are involved in the zoos captive breeding program. Janet Rose-Hinostroza, animal training supervisor at the Park, explains: A dominant dog is very helpful because cheetahs are quite shy instinctively, and you cant breed that out of them. When you pair them, the cheetah looks to the dog for cues and learns to model their behavior. Its about getting them to read that calm, happy-go-lucky vibe from the dog. The primary goal of comforting cheetahs through this unusual partnership is to make them at ease in their captive environment so that they will be able to breed with other cheetahs. Shyness and anxiety dont bode well for a breeding program, so the inter-species friendships that the cheetahs are able to form with dogs can actually benefit the long-term survival of this rare cat. The dogs enlisted by the Park are typically rescued from shelters, giving these homeless canines a new purpose in life. My favorite dog is Hopper because we found him at a kill shelter and hes just 40 pounds, but he lives with Amara, whos our toughest cheetah by far. Its not about strength or overpowering. Its about developing a positive relationship where the cheetah takes her cues from the dog. Cheetah cubs are paired with canine companions at about 3 or 4 months of age. They first meet on opposite sides of a fence with a keeper walking the dog on a leash. If all goes well, the two animals are able to meet for their first play date, although both are kept on leashes initially for safety. Were very protective of our cheetahs, so the introduction is a painfully slow process but a lot of fun. There are lots of toys and distractions, and theyre like two cute little kids who desperately want to play. But cheetahs are instinctively hardwired to feel uneasy so you have to wait and let the cat make the first move. Once the cheetah and dog establish a bond and prove to play well without leashes, they are moved into a shared living space where they spend almost every moment together, except feeding time, when the zoos dogs get to gather, play, and eat together. The dog is the dominant in the relationship, so if we didnt separate them, the dog would eat all the cheetahs food and wed have a really skinny cheetah and a really chubby dog. Among the zoos crew of companion mutts is one purebred Anatolian shepherd known as Yeti. Yeti was recruited to help cheetahs and also to act as a sort of mascot, representing her cousins in Africa who have revolutionized predator management and saved many cheetahs from being killed in defense of livestock. Dogs in the Wild The Cheetah Conservation Funds Livestock Guarding Dog Program is a successful, innovative program that has been helping to save wild cheetahs in Namibia since 1994. While Anatolian shepherds in Namibia do not work in cooperation with cheetahs, they still contribute to the wild cats survival. Before the dogs were employed as conservation tools, cheetahs were shot and trapped by ranchers who were trying to protect their goat herds. Dr. Laurie Marker, founder of the Cheetah Conservation Fund, began training Anatolian shepherds to protect the herds as a non-lethal predator management strategy, and since then, wild cheetah populations have been on the rise.

Debate Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Debate - Assignment Example Thirdly, a high percentage of this group of urban dwellers lacks health insurance and need close healthcare attention (Smith, 1997). People in urban areas with limited access to healthy groceries are also forced to eat whatever they find and most of them are harmful to humans. This include oily foods like french fries and fried meat. However, it is vital to note that people in rural areas are also extremely vulnerable to disease and preference to health care should also be accorded to them. This is because people in rural areas have significantly poorer health status than urban dwellers. This is because people in rural areas engage in unhealthy practices such as smoking, and less exercise. Secondly, people in rural areas are less educated than those in urban areas, and tend not to comprehend the importance of health care in elongating their lives. Lastly, people in rural areas have limited access to health care and must travel long distances to acquire medical care. They can die or their conditions worsen before they gain adequate medical care (Bauer, 2011). In conclusion, I believe that due to the high pollution in urban areas dwellers tend to be prone to disease and require preference to health care. Furthermore, urban dwellers with limited access to healthy groceries lack the nutrients and vitamins in their body needed to fight off

SWOT Analysis of Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SWOT Analysis of Organization - Essay Example Opportunities are those external environmental conditions favorable towards the organization. This can help the organizational to achieve its objectives. Whereas, threats are also external factors which may act as a preventing measure against achieving organizational growth. SWOT analysis is a technique that helps in identifying key factors. It also helps the organization in developing plans to tackle such scenario in future. Apple, Inc. is one of the oldest companies in field of designing and manufacturing computers. In the present day, they also manufacture and design mobile phones, portable music players, and also related accessories. Apple, along with their manufacturing part also provides Macintosh operating system software, internet software, multimedia software, business application software and also wireless connectivity services. The motto of Apple is ‘Think Different’. It was founded in the year 1976. It’s headquarter is situated in Cupertino, California. Apple’s operation focuses mainly on software products, computer products and communication products. Its retail business generation is carried forward through 215 retail business stores and also their dedicated website. Apple always backs innovation and its strengths have been the creation of integrated products and along with the development of user friendly software. The high quality of the product makes a big positive difference for Apple. Unique design, stylish looks like iPod Nano, light weight materials are all diverse feature of Apple. Ease of use is also a bright feature of Apple. Aggressive campaigning and commercials are also part of Apple’s strengths. Apple has a competitive advantage by embedding a closed community. Apple has other strengths as well like strong and healthy balance sheets, integration of their entire solution, innovation like iPod, iPhone,

Child’s behavior Essay Example for Free

Child’s behavior Essay Action speaks louder than words, the adage goes. The same applies for child rearing, specifically in setting a childs behavior. Verbal admonitions, advices, and instructions are important to make it obvious to the child what the parent expects him to follow and do. Words specifically define the desired behavior parents want from their children. However, children are easily distracted, especially with long sentences, so that while talking to them, their attention or their mind strays from grasping every word thus deterring understanding. Another, words oftentimes have ambiguous meanings to the child so that the latter might not get it in spite of having been told. Actions leave more imprints into a childs memory compared to words because actions explain more than words could express. Usually, when a parent verbalizes an instruction, he accompanies it with action. This is because the more senses are involved during the comprehension process, the better and more lasting the comprehension. Actions involve more senses. They engage the child more into the character-building process because they do not just hear; they also see it in action through their parents. Furthermore, when the parents behavior contradicts with what they say, it confuses the child and might diminish the parents trustworthiness and authority in the eyes of the child. Children imitate grown-ups a lot during their formative years since they still have to develop their own individual personalities and judgments. Children tend to think that whatever their parents do are always the right things. After all, in their yet young lives, parents have been doing a lot of things for them, feeding them, taking care of them, dressing them, etc. By doing the right and proper actions, therefore, the child would confidently follow—with this knowledge that whatever their parents might be doing could be right.

Women on Death Row :: Capital Punishment Essays

Women on Death Row The eighth amendment protects Americans from the infliction of cruel and unusual punishment. Many death penalty opponents use this as the backbone to their argument against capital punishment. Other than being cruel, I do not think that the death penalty can be used judiciously in the United States or any other part of the world. Personally, I do not think that human beings are perfect and as such they cannot set up a perfect justice system. In any justice system that is flawed and allows bias in certain cases, the death penalty should not be used as a means of punishment because of its irrevocable nature. When I came across Sarah Hawkins’ article regarding the case of Karla Faye Tucker, I was surprised to see the manifestation of my fears of the biases involved in the use of the death penalty in the case of this woman. Hawkins described how the representations of Tucker as a white, heterosexual Christian woman worked in her favor in the criminal justice system, and how media representations perpetuated the argument for her release from death row. Hawkins made very valid and convincing arguments that representations of â€Å"womanhood† that are expected in American culture can make a large difference in how we perceive criminals, and in certain cases these representations can be a matter of life or death. Of course, we all know from common sense that women are far less likely to be sentenced to death row than men. This should tip us off to the differences that the judicial system discriminates even in matters as important as murder or other capital offences. But within the subgroup of women prisoners there can be a distinction made between the representations of women more likely to be sentenced to death row, or in this case shown compassion while on death row. Hawkins describes this compassion as â€Å"typically extended only to female inmates who fit a certain predetermined societal profile of women†. This definition of â€Å"women† or â€Å"womanhood† is very interesting and deserves to be explored. In my past, I have a conception of women as being sweet and frail; basically incapable of doing wrong because they are too nice or too weak to do so. Women who are too intelligent or too strong are cast off as being masculine or lesbians. When female basketball pl ayers are seen on television, they are perceived as trying to be masculine.

To Kill a Mocking Bird Study Guide

To Kill a Mockingbird Study Guide and ActivitiesSHORT ANSWER STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS – To Kill A MockingbirdChapters 1-3: 1. Identify Atticus Finch, Jean Louise (Scout) Finch, Jem Finch, Maycomb, Calpurnia, Charles Baker (Dill) Harris, The Radley Place, Stephanie Crawford, Arthur (Boo) Radley, Miss Caroline Fisher, Walter Cunningham, and Burris Ewell. -Scout- Scout is the Narrator of the story. In the beginning she is going into the first grade, though, for her age she is extremely smart. Throughout the book you begin to realize that Scout speaks her mind, and isn’t timid. She is extremely curious. Atticus Finch- Atticus is Scout’s Father. He is an older man, and because of this, he is extremely wise. When Scout gets in trouble, he doesn’t tell her if what she did was right or wrong. He simply tells her that she needs to see it from the other person’s POV and she figures it out for herself. He is very understanding of his children and is easy- going. He has one brother and one sister Jem Finch- Jem is Scout’s Older Brother and Atticus’ eldest son. In the beginning of the book, he is going into the Fifth Grade. He is very supportive of Scout, and is just as curious as she is. The two of them still have this similar innocence.-Maycomb- Maycomb is where the story takes place.-Calpurnia- Calpurnia, or ‘Cal' as she is sometimes called, works for the Finches. She is what you could call a housemaid. She cleans, cooks and watches Jem and Scout when Atticus is at work. She is a well-respected person even though she is black. Sometimes throughout the book, you will see Cal acting as a motherly figure to Scout-Dill- Dill is a young boy that Scout and Jem meet in the beginning of the book, he is very small for somebody of his age, he is weak. He doesn’t live in Maycomb with Jem and Scout, but he comes down every summer to spend time with them. He is curious.-The Radley Place- The Radley place, is where Boo Radley and his family live. They hardly ev er go out, except to get the paper. The home of Mr. Nathan Radley, who is unfriendly. Nobody ever goes there.-Stephanie Crawford- Stephanie was the â€Å"all knowing gossip queen† of Maycomb. She knew everything about everything.-Boo Radley- Boo comes form a family of â€Å"foot-washing Baptists. † He used to hang outside the barbershops and go dancing with girls; and these things used to be considered as crimes.Since his family was so strict when it comes to religion, his father locked him away in the house in fear of his son going to Hell. Boo (Arthur) is highly misunderstood. Nobody really knows who he is anymore. In the book, he leaves things in a tree for Scout and Jem to find. These were his only means of communication. The children used to describe Boo as a six-foot tall monster that ate neighborhood cats raw. Though none of the things they said were actually true. Boo has one older brother- Nathanial- who appears as a small role in the book who takes care of Ar thur and almost acts as his father.At the end of the book, when Bob Ewell attacks the children, it is Boo who runs out of the Radley House and defends the children by stabbing Mr. Ewell fatally so that the kids could get away with little harm. The sheriff lies to the court about what happened saying that Ewell fell on his own knife, because he knew the court system was unjust and wouldn’t understand what really happened.-Miss Caroline- Miss Caroline is Scout's teacher. She is the teacher Scout hates because she punishes her when she stands up for Walter. Miss Caroline tells Scout to stop reading because she is â€Å"doin it all wrong. â€Å"-Walter Cunningham- Walter is a Cunningham.His family is extremely poor. On the first day of school, he didn’t have his lunch but he didn’t accept her quarter because he knew he couldn’t pay her back. His family is grateful for everything they get. Though they will not repay you with money, they can give you their st ories, firewood, and other things like that to repay you over time. Walter comes over to the Finch’s house on the first day of school for lunch. He pours molasses over his meat and vegetables. At the sight of what Walter was doing, Scout comments that that isn’t normal, but since Walter was a guest, Scout had no right to comment on his eating habits. Calpurnia noticed and scorned her for the incident.-Burris Ewell- Burris Ewell is one of the eight children of Bob Ewell. He had cooties and Miss Caroline sent him away because she was disgusted. He and his family only go to  school  for the first day every year, then leave, and are very proud of that. The Ewell Family is very ignorant and poor, and their father is awfully mean and the town drunk. Burris (like the rest of his family) is incredibly rude, yet doesn't know how to be any other way. 2. What did Dill dare Jem to do? Touch the Radley House 3. What was Scout's first â€Å"crime† at school?Knowing how to read exceptionally well for her age. 4. What was Calpurnia's fault? Scout said it was  Campania’s  fault that she could write. This also caused trouble for her at  school. Miss Caroline asked Scout to tell her father to stop teaching her. 5. Why did Scout rub Walter Cunningham's nose in the dirt? Scout stood up for Walter in class and tried to explain the Cunningham ways to Miss Caroline. For her explanations, Scout got in more trouble with Miss Caroline, so she took out  her revenge on Walter. 6. Scout said, † He isn’t company, Cal, he's just a Cunningham. † What did she mean by that, and what was Cal's answer?After commenting on Walter's unusual eating habits Scout was sternly talked to by Calpurnia. When Scout commented that â€Å"he's just a Cunningham,† it was based on the fact that in Maycomb. The Cunninghams were not looked upon as common townsfolk because of their poor status. She is just repeating what she hears in the community whe re she lives, and really doesn't mean any harm by it. Campania’s reply is somewhat rude. She is quick to correct her. â€Å"Hush your mouth. Don't matter who they are, anybody sets foot in this house's you company, and don't let me catch you remarking' on their ways like you was so high and mighty!You' folks might be betters’ the Cunninghams but it don't count for nothing' the way you're disgracing' them – if you can't act fit to  eat  at the table you can just set here and eat in the kitchen! † 7. What two mistakes did Miss Caroline make on the first day of school? She offered Walter a quarter to get lunch, and 8. Why didn't the Ewells have to go to school? The Ewell’s were given â€Å"special privileges† like missing school because their father was extremely poor and spent all his money on alcohol. They had a very dysfunctional and nobody really wanted to get involved with them. * Chapters 4-7: 1.What did Scout and Jem find in the Radl eys' tree? 2 Indian head pennies, a spelling bee medal, 2 carved dolls, gum, and a watch 2. Identify Mrs. Dubose. An elderly, ill-tempered, racist woman who lives near the Finches. Although Jem believes that Mrs. Dubose is a thoroughly bad woman, Atticus admires her for the courage with which she battles her morphine addiction. At one point they destroy her flower and rose garden and Atticus has the children go over to her house to read to her / spend time with her as punishment. She eventually passes away, and Jem and Scout understand why she was the way she was. . How did Jem get even with Scout for contradicting him about â€Å"Hot Steams? † When it was her turn to ride in the tire, he gave her an extra-hard shove. She ended up in  the  Riddles' front yard. 4. What was the Boo Radley game? It was when Dill, Scout and Jem would act out the stories they heard about Boo Radley. It was a mostly fictional game since there was no proof what so ever that what they were acting out really happened. The would always start with Boo (Arthur) getting sentenced to the industrial school but his father not allowing him to go.The climax then always ended with Boo (always played by Jem) stabbing his father (played by Dill) in the leg with a pair of scissors. They played the game until Scout thought that it would offend Boo and made Jem stop. 5. Identify Miss Maudie. Miss Maudie was the nice neighbor who allowed Jem and dill and scout to play on her spacious yard. she is a widow and enjoys working on her garden and baking the kids cake. 6. What does Miss Maudie think of the Radleys? She thinks they have a right to do whatever they want to do as long as they are not bothering  anyone else, and she believes they have a right to their privacy . Why do Dill and Jem want to give Boo Radley a note? What does Atticus say when he finds out about their plan? They want to invite him out to play with them; they think he might enjoy that. Atticus tells  the boys to leave A rthur  Radley  alone, that if he wanted to be outside, he would. Atticus  also tells them that the proper way to extend the invitation would be at the Radley  front door instead of putting a note on a fishing pole and sticking that through the  window. 8. How did Jem lose his pants? What did he find when he went back for them? Jem, Scout and Dill went to look into the  Radley  house.When they were discovered, they ran. Jem  got caught on the fence, and in an effort to free  himself, he took off his pants and  left them on the fence. When he went back for them, they were mended and folded, sitting  on the fence. 9. What else did Jem and Scout find in the Radleys' tree? They found a ball of twine, two figures (resembling themselves) carved from soap, and a broken  watch 10. Why would there be no more surprises in the tree? Because Boo’s older brother filled the hole in the tree with cement so nothing else could be sent back and forth between him and the children.Chapters 8-9:1. What happened to Miss Maudie's house? What was her reaction? Maudie’s house burnt down. When it happened, she was very upset, but she was calm.2. Identify Cecil Jacobs. Cecil Jacobs is the little boy in the schoolyard that told all the kids Scout Finch’s Daddy defends niggers. Scout almost got in a fight with him3. What â€Å"disaster† happened at Christmas between Scout and Francis? Francis was tormenting Scout saying that here daddy was a â€Å"Nigger Lover†; Scout began to shrug it off because she thought she was too old to fight. But she finally punched Francis.4.What did Scout's Uncle Jack learn from Scout and Atticus? He learned to always listen to both sides of the story from Scout. He learned from Atticus that if a child asks you what something means, always tell them.* Chapters 10-111. What brave thing does Atticus do in Chapter 10? Why are Scout and Jem shocked? Atticus  shoots a mad dog. They are shocked because until this day, they think of  Atticus as  having no real talents or anything to be proud of. He never touched a gun, to their knowledge, and he did not believe in fighting. Thus, they are very surprised to find out about  Ã¢â‚¬Å"One-Shot Finch.2. What did Jem do when Mrs. Dubose said Atticus â€Å"lawed for niggers? † He took Scout's birthday baton and, waving it madly, cut the tops off of all of Mrs. Dubose's camellia bushes.3. What was Jem's punishment? He had to read to her. 4. What did Jem learn from his encounter with Mrs. Dubose and following her death? He learned that people aren't always what they seem, that one can't understand someone else  until one has all the facts, and, most importantly, that there is a different kind of courage  than physical courage.* Chapters 12-141. How does Jem change? Jem  is growing up. He is trying to make sense of things he sees, trying to be like  Atticus, and  trying to put behind him childish games and youthful pranks. Co nsequently, he is moody  sometimes and occasionally seems to lord his authority over Scout. She resents his  new â€Å"airs. â€Å"2. Identify Lula, Zeebo and Reverend Sykes. Lula was the woman at  Calpurnia's  church who made Scout and  Jem  feel unwelcome. Zeebo,  Cal's  son,  makes them feel welcome, as does Reverend Sykes, the preacher at Calpurnia's  church.3. What does Scout learn about Calpurnia? Scout learns that  Cal  leads a double life. She talks and acts like her black friends and neighbors  when she is with them, and she talks and acts more like white people when she is  with them. Scout thinks this is interesting and asks to visit  Cal  at her home one day.4. Who was waiting for the children when they came home from the church service? Why had she come? Aunt Alexandra was waiting for them. She had come to stay and â€Å"help out† while  Atticus would  be busy with the Robinson trial.5. â€Å"Aunt Alexandra fitted into the w orld of Maycomb like a hand in a glove, but never into the world of Jem and me. † Explain.Alexandra knew all the proper social things to say and do, and she knew a great deal of the  history of the local families. She joined some clubs and entertained at her home, and generally  did fit right into the town's society. However, Alexandra didn't understand or agree  with the values by which  Atticus  was raising his children. Therefore, she did not understand  the children's behavior. Because their value systems were different, they were more  often than not at odds.6. Atticus and Alexandra disagree about how to deal with the children. How does Atticus handle the situation? Atticus  makes the children obey Alexandra, but he lets them know that their relationship with  him will always be the same as it was. He tries to appease Alexandra when he can, but  on the major issues, he puts his foot down.7. Describe Jem and Scout's relationship through these chapters a s Jem matures. Jem  and Scout seem to grow apart, but they don't really. They fuss more often than they had, mostly because Scout resents  Jem's  telling her what to do. Actually, though, they are still  very close and join forces when their pride is at stake.8. Why did Dill run away from home back to Maycomb?Dill had everything a boy could want, except his parents didn't spend any time with him. He didn't feel like they needed him. He went back to Maycomb because he always saw how much attention Jem and Scout got. He wanted that attention.* Chapters 15-171. What did Mr. Heck Tate's mob want? They wanted to make sure that Atticus and Robinson would be alright2. What was the purpose of Walter Cunningham's mob? Cunningham's mob wanted to get to Tom Robinson to inflict  their own  justice upon him. If that meant they had to beat up  Atticus, they were willing to do that.3. Why did Mr. Cunningham's mob leave? Scout,  Jem  and Dill arrived on the scene.Scout came forwar d, and, while making her entrance  and looking at the crowd, she noticed Mr. Cunningham. She identified him and began  speaking to him on a personal basis, saying she was in his son's class and that he had  come to lunch. She also reminded him that  Atticus  had done some legal work for him. All of these things were said in an innocent conversation to Mr. Cunningham. How could he hurt this man when his kids were right there?4. Identify Mr. Dolphus Raymond. Mr. Dolphus  Raymond was a white man who married a black woman and lived with the black  community. Jem  has heard a story that Mr. Raymond is always drunk. However, we  learn later that this is just an act. )5. Identify Tom Robinson, Mr. Gilmer, Bob Ewell, Mayella Ewell, and Judge Taylor. Tom Robinson supposedly raped  Mayella  Ewell, Bob  Ewell's  daughter. Mr. Gilmer is the prosecuting  attorney. Judge Taylor will be the judge during Tom's trial.6. What was the importance of Mayella's bruises being p rimarily on the right-hand side of her face? Bruises on her right side indicate that a left-handed person inflicted the wounds.* Chapters 18-211. What was Mayella's account of the incident with Tom Robinson? Mayella  said she asked Tom to come into the yard to break up a  chiffarobe.When she went  into the house to get him a nickel, he had followed her in and then he grabbed her around  the neck and hit her. He â€Å"chunked [her] on the floor an' choked [her] ‘n took advantage  of [her]. † Her father came in and was standing over her, and then she fainted.2. What was Tom's side of the story? Mayella  asked Tom to come fix the hinges on the door in the house. Mayella  had saved enough  nickels to send all of the kids out for ice cream so she and Tom would be alone. She asked Tom to climb up on a chair to get a box, and as he stood there, she grabbed him  around the legs.When he hopped down off the chair, she jumped on him. She kissed him  on the side of the face. Tom wanted out and had to push  Mayella  away from the door. She was not hurt. He ran away before Mr. Ewell  could catch him.3. What was Tom's handicap? Why was it important to his case? Tom's left arm had been rendered useless in an accident. He could not have bruised Mayella's  right side and he more than probably would not have physically been able to force  himself on a strong, violently resisting young woman.4. What do Dill and Scout learn from Mr. Raymond? Dill and Scout learn that people aren't always as they appear to be.They learn that Mr. Raymond lives as he does because that's simply what he wants to do. Since people could never  accept that, he gives them a â€Å"reason to latch onto† so they can accept his behavior.5. What were Atticus' closing remarks to the jury? He said there was no medical evidence to suggest that  Mayella  had been raped, that the only  evidence was the questionable testimony of two witnesses. He painted a pic ture of Mayella  as a victim of poverty and ignorance, a lonely young woman who tempted and kissed  a Negro and then had to get rid of him, the evidence, of her crime against society's unspoken  laws.He tried to remind the jury of Thomas Jefferson's words that â€Å"all men are created  equal,† and that their job as a jury was to give a fair trial to the defendant.6. What was the jury's verdict? Guilty.* Chapters 22-251. Why did Jem cry? He didn’t believe that Tom Robinson was guilty because the jury had no real proof. Also, when Tom was convicted, he was amazed that the people he was raised around and grew up with could be so unjust to a man just because of the color of his skin.2. What was â€Å"'round the back steps† when Calpurnia came in on Monday morning? The black community had left all kinds of food for  Atticus  and his family as a gesture of their  thanks and respect of him for his defending Tom Robinson.3. What was the significance of Ma udie's two little cakes and one large one? Maudie  had two little cakes for Scout and Dill, but  Jem  got a slice from the big cake. This was  Maudie's  symbolic way of saying she accepted  Jem  as a young man instead of a  boy.4. Describe Bob Ewell's meeting with Atticus at the post office. Bob  Ewell  wanted to fight with  Atticus. Atticus  just said he was too old to fight, and he walked  away. Bob  Ewell  threatened to get even.5.What is Atticus' reaction to Ewell's threats? He rationally understands that  Ewell  is upset, and he allows Mr. Ewell  the right to be upset. However, he does not believe that Bob  Ewell  would actually do any terrible physical  harm to anyone.6. Alexandra doesn't want Scout playing with Walter Cunningham. Why not? Alexandra thinks the  Cunninghams  are trash because they don't have the â€Å"background† of  the Finches.7. Jem said. â€Å"I think I'm beginning to understand why Boo Radley's stayed shut up in the house all this time . . . it's because he wants to stay inside. † Why does he say that? The world is starting to ook mighty complicated to  Jem. The jury decision, all the talk about  social class and the problem of what exactly â€Å"background† means, and Mr. Raymond's false drinking problem are all weighing on his mind, and he's trying to get things  all sorted out with nice, neat definitions. He is learning that things in the real world just  aren't easy to sort-out and understand.8. Mrs. Merriweather of the missionary circle complains about her cooks and field hands. What does that tell us about her? As a member of the missionary circle, she is very concerned about the personal welfare of  many Africans, but in her own back yard, Mrs. Merriweather  is as prejudiced as she can  be.9. What happened to Tom Robinson? Tom was shot when he tried to escape from prison.10. What more do we learn about Alexandra after Atticus and Calpurnia leave ? Alexandra is given a more rounded personality in this section. We see clearly for the first time  that she loves and is concerned for her brother. We see her take the news of Tom's death  with great difficulty, yet she gathers herself together and carries on with her guests. She seems a bit more human and a bit  more noble  than she has been painted prior to this.11. What did Mr. Underwood's editorial say?Alexandra is given a more rounded personality in this section. We see clearly for the first time  that she loves and is concerned for her brother. We see her take the news of Tom's death  with great difficulty, yet she gathers herself together and carries on with her guests. She seems a bit more human and a bit  more noble  than she has been painted prior to this.* Chapters 26-311. What was Scout's fantasy regarding Arthur (Boo) Radley?2. What did Scout hear Miss Gates say at the courthouse? In class, Miss Gates said, â€Å"That's the difference between America a nd Germany. We are a democracy and Germany is a dictatorship. . . We don't believe in persecuting anybody. Persecution comes from people who are prejudiced. † What does this tell us about Miss Gates?3. What happened to Judge Taylor?4. What happened to Helen Robinson?5. What was Scout's part in the pageant? She was a ham6. Why did Scout and Jem not leave the school until almost everyone else had gone?7. What happened to Jem and Scout on the way home from the pageant? Mr. Bob Ewell attacked the kids with a switchblade.8. Who saved Jem and Scout? Who killed Bob Ewell? Boo Radley saw what was happening and grabbed the kitchen knife. He ran out and stabbed Ewell to death9. Why did Heck Tate insist that Bob Ewell fell on his own knife? Because if people found out that Boo did it, they would never leave him alone, nor would they understand why he did it.10. Scout arranged things so that â€Å"if Miss Stephanie Crawford was watching from her upstairs window, she would see Arthur Radl ey escorting [her] down the sidewalk, as any gentleman would do. † Why did she do that?11. As Scout leaves the Radley porch, she looks out at the neighborhood and recounts the events of the last few years from the Radleys' perspective. Why

Democratic Overload Explained Essay

Federalism and the separation of powers mean that there are numerous elections at different levels of government and for different offices as well as primaries and direct democracy. Americans vote ‘for the president to the local dog catcher’ in 80,000 units of government, leading to ‘permanent’ campaigns and ‘bed-sheet ballots’, leading to a sense of ‘democratic overload’ due to more than 100,000 elections taking place annually which may lead to voter fatigue, higher alienation levels and abstention through too many participation opportunity’s. In the USA, candidates for office are not chosen by the parties, but by voters in primaries and caucuses. This is the nomination process which take place every 4 years for the presidential election and every 2 years for the mid term congressional elections. The huge number of elections for a wide range of posts from the president down to local civic officials and the resulting sense of permanent campaigning causes voters to switch off leading to high abstention due to voter apathy and boredom. Although more people do participate in the nominating process than 40 years ago, the turnout in the presidential primaries vary from one election cycle to another. In a year when an incumbent president is running for re-election and therefore only one party has a genuine nomination contest, turnout in the primaries is only around 17%. It was 17.5% in 1996 when president Clinton was running for re-election, and 17.2% in 2004, when George w. bush was running for re-election. Even when no incumbent president was running in 2000, turnout was still only 19%. However, in 2008, with no incumbent president and a highlight competitive race in the Democratic Party between a women and an African American, turnout soared to just over 30%. Democratic overload leads to voter fatigue, high alienation levels and abstention, as the process is far too long. In 1960, senator John Kennedy announced his candidacy for the presidency just 66 days before the first primary. In readiness for the 2004 campaign, senator John Kerry announced his candidacy 423 days before the first primary. Barack Obama in 2008 also announced his candidacy 332 days before the first primary. Democratic overload is one reason for the law turnouts of us elections. Apart from the federal and state elections, there are also the primary and caucus elections and increasingly voters are invited to vote on initiatives, propositions at local level and possibly in recall elections. For example, The 2003 California gubernatorial recall election was a special election permitted under California state law. It resulted in voters replacing incumbent Democratic Governor Gray Davis with Republican Arnold Schwarzenegger. This could be contrasted with other democracies, such as the UK, where the opportunities to vote are far more restricted.

Costume Kyle Parham Punk Essays

Costume Kyle Parham Punk Essays Costume Kyle Parham Punk Essay Costume Kyle Parham Punk Essay Discovery Project History of Costume Kyle Parham Punk Began as a music based subculture in them mid 1970s in England and slowly started to be culturally excepted in America in the mid to late 70s, exactly which region originated punk has long debated and a major controversy within the punk movement. Within the subculture, there are many different factions, such as New Wave, 2 tone, Pop Punk, Hardcore Punk, No Wave, Street Punk, and 01. Many of the sub groups sought to get rid of the frivolous parts of being punk in the later years of the first movement. The Punk culture later dissipated and was dormant until a new version of began to spring up in the United states in the early 90s known as Grudge. Fashion for Punks has always been broken down in to five main areas, clothing, jewelry, cosmetics, body modifications, and hairstyles. Many different sources have been gathered to form what is known as punk fashion such as Glam Rock, Greasers, Mods, and Skinheads to name a few. (Hebdige, 1981) Arguably the most well-known Punk fashion designer Vivenne Westwood, who created a line of fashions in her London punk boutique, was affordable to rich and poor alike. The typical male punk look was a black leather Jacket with long hair or a bald head, tight pants usually Jeans ana rlppea clotnlng. I ne punk Temale style was comprlsea In tne Tlowlng manner, dark makeup, fishnet stockings, tight miniskirts of mostly leather, corsets and shirts, and razor blades as Jewelry. Both men and women would rip there cloths on purpose, then proceed to patch them up with their own do it your self-attitude. Most ccessorys for a shirt were random spots of bright or subdue dyes, safety-pins, huge patches of other fabrics and long lengths of metal chains. (Young rebels of, 2013) I like punk fashion because it is something I feel I understand, it is easy for me to see why it holds such a big standard for some peoples lives. I love the punk aspect of life, from the music to the life style. It is not Just about dressing weird and lessening to weird music, to me, its about standing up for something greater than yourself and believing what you like is good. I feel like I identify with the loud make up, outrageous fashion and the way punks live there life. I speaks to me on a deep level. Due to my limited budget I chose to make one of my own personal shirts in to what I feel modern day punk is. I started with a pink shirt because its a bright color that will attract attention to the person warring it. Then I began to think like a punk and thus started to craft my t-shirt in to something a punk would be proud of. I first cut the collar off of the shirt then a strip down the spine of the shirt along with the sleeves ut slightly off. I then proceeded to replace the spine section with safety pins and wire. I also reattached the sleeves with paper clips with wire as well to give it patched up feel. To continue the Patched and DYI feel I began to work on the front of the shirt making tares and holes all the while patching them with random fabrics and newspaper to give a proper punk vibe. After a lot of trial and error with the newspaper I decided to cut the newspaper. I also used zip ties to bunch shoulders ogether; I used zip ties to give the allusion of spikes on the shoulders which, to me, are an iconic look for the punk youth. Sources: Hebdige, D. (1981). Subculture: The meaning of style. Middleton, Connecticut : Wesleyan University Press. Retrieved from princeton. edu/†achaney/tmve/ wiki100k/docs/Punk fashion. html Young rebels of the 70s. the history of punk style. (2013, March 22). Retrieved from http://mw. . reporte rsvintage. com/decade/70ts-the-look-and-what-happened/139- young-rebels-of-the-70-s-the-history-of-punk-style. html

Congress Members Services to Constituents

Congress Members Services to Constituents While they may not always vote the way you think they should, the members of the U.S. Congress from your state or congressional district - Senators and Representatives can and will do some very useful things known as constituent services for you. While most can be requested or arranged for through your Senator’s or Representative’s website, these and other services can be requested in a  personal letter  or in a  face-to-face meeting  with your members of Congress.   Get a Flag Flown Over the Capitol U.S. flags that have actually been flown over the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C., can be ordered from all senators and representatives. Flags are available in sizes ranging from 3x5 to 5x8 and cost from about $17.00 to about $28.00. You can request a specific date, like a birthday or anniversary, on which you want your flag flown. Your flag will come with a presentation-quality certificate from the Architect of the Capitol certifying that your flag was flown over the Capitol. If you specify that the flag should be flown to commemorate a special event, the certificate will also note that event. The flags are of high quality, with embroidered stars and individually sewn stripes. Be sure to order your flag at least 4 weeks before the date you want it flown over the Capitol, and then allow about 4- to 6-weeks for delivery. Most, if not all members of Congress now provide online forms for ordering flags on their websites, but you can still order them by good old U.S. mail  if you prefer. Demand for flags tends to go up around special occasions like July 4, national elections, or the anniversary of the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, so delivery might take a little longer. Get Nominated to a U.S. Military Service Academy Each U.S. senator and representative is permitted to nominate candidates for appointment to four U.S. service academies. These schools are the U.S. Military Academy (West Point), the U.S. Naval Academy, the U.S. Air Force Academy, and the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy. You can also get more information on service academy nominations by reading the CRS report Congressional Nominations to U.S. Service Academies (.pdf) Work as a Senate Page Generally open to 16- or 17-year-old high school juniors, the Senate Page Program allows students a unique opportunity to learn about Congress while continuing with their coursework. Page responsibilities center on their work assisting Senators in the Senate Chamber when Congress is in session. The program is one of the most selective and prestigious in the United States. Each Senator may sponsor interested high school students, who then compete for a limited number of positions. Win the Congressional App Challenge The offices of U.S. Representatives in participating House districts can help K-12 students compete in the annual Congressional App Challenge. Students design and submit their own software application, individually or in groups of up to four. Winning apps may be put on display in the U.S. Capitol Building for one year, and additional prizes may be available. Win the Congressional High School Art Competition High school students from participating House districts are eligible for the annual Congressional Art Competition. The winning piece of visual artwork from each congressional district is displayed in the Capitol for a year. Since the program began in 1982, more than 650,000 high school students have participated. Plan Your Visit to Washington, D.C. Your members of Congress know their way around Washington, D.C., and they can help you enjoy a great visit. Many members will even help you book visits to D.C. landmarks like the White House, the Library of Congress and the Bureau of Printing and Engraving. They can also direct you to tours you can book yourself including, the U.S. Capitol, Supreme Court, and Washington Monument. Most members of Congress also provide web pages filled with information of importance to D.C. visitors including points of interest, airport and subway information, entertainment, and more. In addition, you can schedule a visit with your senator or representative, if they are in D.C. during your visit. Get Information on Grants Remembering that very few federal grants are available to individuals, your senators and representatives are well equipped to provide information on grants. They can help you or your organization with information on funding availability, grant eligibility, small business assistance, student loans, non-grant sources of federal aid and much more. Get a Special Greeting Card Last but far from least, you can request a very nice, personalized greeting card from your senator or representative commemorating special events like birthdays, anniversaries, graduations or other life achievements. Many members of Congress now provide online forms for ordering greetings and most allow you to order greetings by phone or fax. Help With a Federal Agency Helping citizens navigate the complex federal agency system is part of the job for U.S. Senators and Representatives. Their offices may be able to help if you are having trouble working with the Social Security Administration, the Department of Veterans Affairs, the IRS or any other federal agency.

Sociology class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sociology class - Essay Example Hence, a human being has a never ending list of roles to play in coinciding with the social groups they belong to (Ferrarte, pg 15-18). A man may be a father, a brother, and a husband at the same time. Along with this, his identity may also constitute being an African-American, middle aged, Christian, and a Masters in Philosophy, and other social categories that he may belong to include being a tennis player, a stamp collector, and a huge fan of the Beatles. Hence, the man has several roles to fulfill in his life that are part of his identity and personality and he acts differently in each role. Sociology is the study of society and social groups. Sociology aims to understand human behavior collectively in order to determine the roles that human beings hold and how these roles function in the development of society. All human behavior and all human interaction are upheld by the roles human beings play, the perceptions they hold, and the way they act. Society is formed by human behavi or and the world functions and develops through society (Ferrarte, pg 62). Shakespeare’s famous line, â€Å"All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely actors†, holds true when discussing the functioning of society. All human beings hold several roles that they play during their lifetime and their roles determine their identity. The roles that human beings play form society and vice versa. However, how do human beings understand the behavior expected of them in each role? Sociology aims and enables the understanding of human behavior and social roles. It defines the behavior and actions expected of each human being in each particular role which enables a human being to identify themselves. There are several roles that a human being plays which include gender roles, relationship roles, and professional roles. Sociology enables a human being to understand the behavior associated with their role in a societal context (Ferrarte, pg 16-32). Human beings may understand their behavior individually but may not understand what their role in society holds and how they are to use this role to influence society. Hence, unless and until they are able to understand their behavior on a collective scale, they are unable to understand their societal role and their identity within society. A person is identified in society through the roles he holds and the behavior he/she exhibits. To illustrate an example, the concept of gender roles entails identifying the traits belonging to the male or female gender or to neither. The concept of gender is the social context of a person’s sex. While sex entails describing the biological identity of a person, gender seeks to identify the sociological identity of a person. If a person inhibits the traits of being female, then her gender is female. Therefore, once a person identifies him/herself as belonging to a certain gender, he/ she then understands the roles that other genders play and how they af fect society and the individual (Ferrarte, pg 83). An example is the feminist movement, which occurred after females identified the role they played in society and how society viewed females. Hence, they learnt that the perception that society held towards females and the role that males played in this society was unfair and biased. Therefore, they aimed to collectively change this perception and the role description that was given to females by society (Wilson, pg 82). Roles